These lights work as well on D size batteries as they do on AAA.
They are designed to work on 4.5 volts, (three batteries).
D and AAA batteries are the same voltage per battery. They use the same chemicals and construction.
The D just has higher capacity to deliver power longer.
AAA can deliver almost as much current as a D, The D will just do it longer.
AAA batteries can deliver enough current to burn out LED's, but the flashlights are designed to only use
a small amount of current. That's why even the AAA batteries last so long.
If I were to hook them up to 12V, they would probably last about 4 seconds. This is because the current would be
almost 3 times as much, (2.666 X), which the light ISN'T designed for.
Even going to one of the old type square 6V flashlight batteries would be too much but they might last a little while.
a 4.5V regulator would allow me to run these lights from 12V.
The amount of current a,(fixed), load uses, at a fixed voltage, is constant as long as the voltage remains the same.
Ohms law... Hey i still remember that from technical collage oh so many years ago..
It's Sturday, company's gone home, time for a
Warren